These two forces compete, leading to various stability of nuclei. The neutron has a mean square radius of about 0.8×10−15 m, or 0.8 fm, and it is a spin-½ fermion.Ītomic nuclei consist of protons and neutrons, which attract each other through the nuclear force, while protons repel each other via the electric force due to their positive charge. It has no electric charge and a rest mass equal to 1.67493 × 10−27 kg-marginally greater than that of the proton but nearly 1839 times greater than that of the electron. In the universe, neutrons are abundant, making up more than half of all visible matter. It is one of the most reactive elements.Ī neutron is one of the subatomic particles that make up matter. Some of those reactions need elevated temperatures. Sulfur reacts with nearly all other elements with the exception of the noble gases, even with the notoriously unreactive metal iridium (yielding iridium disulfide). In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z.Įlectron configuration of Sulfur is 3s2 3p4.Ĭommon oxidation states of sulfur range from −2 to +6. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. Since the number of electrons and their arrangement are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms, the atomic number identifies the various chemical elements. Each electron is influenced by the electric fields produced by the positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom. Therefore, the number of electrons in neutral atom of Sulfur is 16. The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. Sulfur-36 is composed of 16 protons, 20 neutrons, and 16 electrons. Sulfur-34 is composed of 16 protons, 18 neutrons, and 16 electrons. Sulfur-33 is composed of 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons. Sulfur-32 is composed of 16 protons, 16 neutrons, and 16 electrons. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Sulfur are 23 33 34 36. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.įor stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10 -19 coulombs. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. Sulfur is a chemical element with atomic number 16 which means there are 16 protons in its nucleus.
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